CELLULAR GRAVEL PRODUCED FROM RESIDUAL ALUMINO-SILICATE MATERIALS (FLY ASH, METAKAOLIN, SLAG, AND ALKALINE EARTH ALUMINO-SILICATE GLASS) BY NONCONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
Abstract
New manufacturing recipe of glass waste-based foam glass gravel for special applications in construction was designed, tested, and presented in this paper. The work originality is the use of alumino-silicate materials in the form of waste (fly ash, blast furnace slag, alkaline earth alumino-silicate glass waste) as well as in the natural state (metakaolin) widely available in nature. Especially, in this work it was chosen the use of a waste of alumino-silicate glass recovered from halogen lamps, similar by chemical composition with the other materials adopted to constitute the material mixture. Three variants using a solid (SiC) and liquid (glycerin), respectively, blowing agent were tested, the mixtures being sintered and foamed at temperatures between 850-940 ºC. The heating was made by the economic and ecological technique of microwave irradiation. All tested versions led to obtaining cellular gravel types with characteristics suitable for special applications in construction, similar to industrially made foam glass gravel. Being more suitable for load-bearing properties, the variant made with alumino-silicate glass waste and glycerin associated with sodium silicate solution was chosen as the optimal alternative.
References
2. Scarinci, G., Brusatin, G., Bernardo, E., Glass Foams, in: Cellular Ceramics: Structure, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Scheffler, M., Colombo, P. (eds.), Weinheim, Germany, pp. 158-167, (2005).
3. Cosmulescu, F., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., Comparative analysis of the foam glass gravel types experimentally produced by microwave irradiation, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 58-68, (2020).
4. Davidovits, J., Geopolymers: Inorganic polymeric new materials, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1633-1656, (1991).
5. Al-Saadi, T.H.A., Mahdi, Z.H., Abdullah, I.T., Foaming geopolymers preparation by alkali activation of glass waste, Romanian Journal of Materials, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 352-360, (2019).
6. Hajimohammadi, A., Ngo, T., Kashani, A., Sustainable one-part geopolymer foams with glass fines versus sand as aggregates, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 171, pp. 223-231, Elsevier Publishing, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03120
7. Le Losq, C., Valentine, A.P., Mysen, B.O., Neuville, D.R., Structure and properties of alkali aluminosilicate glasses and melts: Insights from deep learning, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 314, pp. 27-54, Elsevier Publishing, (2021).
8. All about aluminosilicate glass-What you need to know, ThomasNet Company, New York, the United States, (2016). https://www.thomasnet.com
9. Jones, D.A., Lelyveld, T.P., Mavrofidis, S.D., Kingman, S.W., Miles, N.J., Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering-A review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 75-90, (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(01)00088-X
10. Kitchen, H.J., Vallance, S.R., Kennedy, J.L., Tapia-Ruiz, N., Carassiti, L., Modern microwave methods in solid-state inorganic materials chemistry: From fundamentals to manufacturing, Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 1170-1206, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr4002353
11. Mermerdas, K., Gesoğlu, M., Güneyisi, E., Ozturan, T., Strength development of concretes incorporated with metakaolin and different types of calcined kaolins, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 37, pp. 766-774, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.077
12. Cioroi, M., Nistor, L., Recycling possibilities of metallurgical slag, The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Fascicle IX. Metallurgy and Materials Science, No. 1, pp. 78-82, (2007).
13. Karandashova, N.S., Goltsman, B.M., Yatsenko, E.A., Analysis of influence of foaming mixture components on structure and properties of foam glass, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 262, (2017). https://iopscience.iop.org>article>262
14. Dragoescu, M.F., Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Nonconventional technique of sintering/foaming the glass waste using a liquid carbonic foaming agent, Nonconventional Technologies Review, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 4-12, (2020).
15. Moldoveanu, S.C., Pyrolysis of Alcohols and Phenols, in: Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules-Applications to Health and Environmental Issues, 2nd edition, Elsevier Publishing Online, November (2018), eBook ISBN 9780444640017.
16. Metrology in Laboratory-Measurement of Mass and Derived Values, in: Radwag Balances and Scales, 2nd edition, Randon, Poland, pp. 72-73, (2015).
17. Manual of weighing applications, Part 1, Density, (1999). http://www.deu.ie/sites/default/files/mechanicalengineering/pdf/manuals/DensityDeterminationmanualpdf
18. Ng, H.T., Heah, C.Y., Mold Mustafa Al Bakri, A., Ng, Y.S., Ridho, B., Study of fly ash geopolymer and fly ash/slag geopolymer in term of physical and mechanical properties, European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 187-198, (2020).
Copyright (c) 2023 Lucian Paunescu, Sorin Mircea Axinte, Alexandru Fiti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
